什么是“刻板印象威胁”（stereotype threat）？
What is stereotype threat?
刻板印象威胁指当某个群体成员担心自己会印证负面刻板印象时，焦虑反而拖垮表现，形成自我实现的预言。例如女性在数学考前被提醒“女性不擅长”成绩更易下降。它说明环境暗示能直接损耗能力发挥。
Stereotype threat is that when a group member fears confirming a negative stereotype, anxiety undermines performance, a self-fulfilling prophecy. For example, women reminded women are bad at math score lower. It shows environmental cues can directly drain performance.
难度 专业 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23 · 2 条独立证据
来源 · Source
戴维·迈尔斯,《社会心理学》第11版中译,人民邮电出版社,2016
D. Myers, Social Psychology, 11th ed., Chinese ed., Posts & Telecom Press, 2016
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 2 OPENLIBRARY 标识 /works/OL14859352W：Social psychology（按标题+
#刻板印象威胁 #表现 #焦虑
什么是“刻板印象”（stereotype）？
What is a stereotype?
刻板印象是对某群体成员过度简化、固定化的信念，如“某类人都会怎样”。它可帮大脑快速分类，却常以偏概全、忽略个体差异。刻板印象不等于歧视行为，但是偏见与歧视的认知基础。
A stereotype is an oversimplified, fixed belief about members of a group, like people of a type all act a certain way. It helps the brain categorize fast but generalizes and ignores individual difference. It is not discrimination itself but the cognitive base of prejudice and discrimination.
难度 入门 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23 · 2 条独立证据
来源 · Source
戴维·迈尔斯,《社会心理学》第11版中译,人民邮电出版社,2016
D. Myers, Social Psychology, 11th ed., Chinese ed., Posts & Telecom Press, 2016
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 2 OPENLIBRARY 标识 /works/OL14859352W：Social psychology（按标题+
#刻板印象 #偏见 #认知