分权如何与地方“政府竞争”相互作用？
How does decentralization interact with inter-local "government competition"?
分权后地方为吸引资本与人口，会在税收、服务和制度上相互竞争，可能提升效率，也可能压低环保与劳工标准；竞争效果取决于规则与转移支付等上层设计。
After decentralization, localities compete via taxes, services, and institutions to attract capital and people—potentially raising efficiency but also lowering environmental and labor standards; the outcome depends on upper-level rules and transfers.
难度 专业 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23
来源 · Source
Anthony Giddens,《Sociology》Polity Press 多版;中译《社会学》北京大学出版社
A. Giddens, Sociology, Polity Press, various editions; Chinese ed. Peking University Press
#政府竞争 #效率
财政分权有哪些潜在好处与风险？
What are the potential benefits and risks of fiscal decentralization?
好处是地方政府更了解本地、便于试验与竞争（“用脚投票”）；风险是地区间财力不均、为招商而放松监管或陷入“逐底竞争”，以及宏观协调变难。
Benefits: local governments know local needs and can experiment and compete (“voting with feet”). Risks: uneven regional wealth, regulatory races to attract business, and harder macro coordination.
难度 进阶 · 适合 初中(12-15)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23
来源 · Source
Anthony Giddens,《Sociology》Polity Press 多版;中译《社会学》北京大学出版社
A. Giddens, Sociology, Polity Press, various editions; Chinese ed. Peking University Press
#财政分权 #竞争
什么是“分权”？
What is "decentralization"?
分权指把决策和财政权力从中央下放到地方或基层政府，使更接近民众、回应本地需求。
Decentralization shifts decision and fiscal power from central to local or grassroots government, bringing it closer to people and local needs.
难度 入门 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23
来源 · Source
Anthony Giddens,《Sociology》Polity Press 多版;中译《社会学》北京大学出版社
A. Giddens, Sociology, Polity Press, various editions; Chinese ed. Peking University Press
#分权 #地方