人口负增长会触发哪些经济反馈？
What economic feedbacks does population decline trigger?
劳动力收缩推高单位人力成本、养老负担加重并可能压低住房与消费，但也可能提升人均资本与自动化替代；净效应取决于生产率与政策。
Shrinking labor raises per-worker costs and pension burdens and may lower housing/consumption, yet can raise capital per head and automation; net effect depends on productivity and policy.
难度 专业 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23 · 2 条独立证据
来源 · Source
John Weeks,《Population: An Introduction to Concepts and Issues》Cengage 多版
J. R. Weeks, Population: An Introduction to Concepts and Issues, Cengage, various editions
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 2 ARCHIVE 标识 populationintrod0000week_o0n4：Population : an
#人口负增长 #老龄化 #劳动力
什么是“第二次人口转型”？
What is the “second demographic transition”?
指20世纪后期起避孕普及、同居与非婚生育上升、晚育与低生育成为常态、家庭形式多元化，反映价值个体化与性别角色变化。
Since the late 20th c., contraception, cohabitation, nonmarital births, delayed and low fertility, and diverse families rose—reflecting individualization and shifting gender roles.
难度 进阶 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23 · 2 条独立证据
来源 · Source
John Weeks,《Population: An Introduction to Concepts and Issues》Cengage 多版
J. R. Weeks, Population: An Introduction to Concepts and Issues, Cengage, various editions
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 2 ARCHIVE 标识 populationintrod0000week_o0n4：Population : an
#第二次人口转型 #生育 #家庭
移民的“选择性”如何影响来源国与接收国？
How does migrant “selectivity” affect origin and destination countries?
移民往往更年轻、教育更高（正向选择）或特定群体集中，对来源国造成人才外流、对接收国补充技能，重塑两地人力资本结构。
Migrants tend to be younger and better-educated (positive selection) or clustered, causing brain drain at origin and skill supply at destination, reshaping human capital.
难度 进阶 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23 · 2 条独立证据
来源 · Source
John Weeks,《Population: An Introduction to Concepts and Issues》Cengage 多版
J. R. Weeks, Population: An Introduction to Concepts and Issues, Cengage, various editions
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 2 ARCHIVE 标识 populationintrod0000week_o0n4：Population : an
#移民选择性 #人才流动 #人力资本
为什么有些国家人越来越多、有些越来越少？
Why do some countries grow in population while others shrink?
出生多、去世少的地方人口会增加；相反，生育少又寿命长的地方可能变少。迁移也会让一些地方人数变化。
Where births exceed deaths, population grows; where births are few and lives long, it may shrink. Migration also shifts numbers.
难度 入门 · 适合 小学低段(6-8)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23 · 2 条独立证据
来源 · Source
John Weeks,《Population: An Introduction to Concepts and Issues》Cengage 多版
J. R. Weeks, Population: An Introduction to Concepts and Issues, Cengage, various editions
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 2 ARCHIVE 标识 populationintrod0000week_o0n4：Population : an
#人口增长 #生育 #迁移