为什么在小群体里搭便车往往较少？
Why is free-riding often less common in small groups?
小群体中彼此熟识、贡献容易被看见，社会监督与声誉压力更强，且“每人份额”更大，因此成员更有动力参与；奥尔森的“集体行动逻辑”即讨论此点。
In small groups people know each other, contributions are visible, social monitoring and reputation pressures are stronger, and each person's share matters more—so members are more motivated to participate, as discussed in Olson's logic of collective action.
难度 专业 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-10-03 · 3 条独立证据
来源 · Source
N. Gregory Mankiw,《Principles of Economics》第8版,Cengage,2017;中译《经济学原理》北京大学出版社
N. G. Mankiw, Principles of Economics, 8th ed., Cengage, 2017; Chinese ed. Peking University Press
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 2 cengage.com
#小群体 #社会监督
搭便车如何导致公共品供给不足？
How does free-riding lead to under-provision of public goods?
因为个人理性地选择不付费也能享用，需求被低估，自愿出资的总额低于社会实际需要，于是路灯、清洁空气等供给偏少。
Since individuals rationally choose to enjoy benefits without paying, revealed demand is understated and voluntary contributions fall short of what society needs, leaving goods like streetlights or clean air under-supplied.
难度 进阶 · 适合 初中(12-15)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-10-03 · 3 条独立证据
来源 · Source
N. Gregory Mankiw,《Principles of Economics》第8版,Cengage,2017;中译《经济学原理》北京大学出版社
N. G. Mankiw, Principles of Economics, 8th ed., Cengage, 2017; Chinese ed. Peking University Press
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 2 cengage.com
#供给不足 #自愿供给
什么是“搭便车”问题？
What is the "free-rider" problem?
搭便车指有人享受公共品或集体成果却不愿分担成本，指望别人付费；若人人如此，公共品就会供给不足。
Free-riding means enjoying a public good or collective outcome without sharing the cost, hoping others pay; if everyone does, the good is under-provided.
难度 进阶 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-10-03 · 3 条独立证据
来源 · Source
N. Gregory Mankiw,《Principles of Economics》第8版,Cengage,2017;中译《经济学原理》北京大学出版社
N. G. Mankiw, Principles of Economics, 8th ed., Cengage, 2017; Chinese ed. Peking University Press
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 2 cengage.com
#搭便车 #集体行动