反全球化运动反对什么？
What does the anti-globalization movement oppose?
它批评资本自由流动加剧不平等、削弱主权与环境标准，主张更公平且可问责的治理。
It criticizes free capital flows for widening inequality and weakening sovereignty and environmental rules, demanding fairer, accountable governance.
难度 专业 · 适合 初中(12-15)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23 · 2 条独立证据
来源 · Source
Manuel Castells,《The Rise of the Network Society》Blackwell,1996 初版;2000 第2版
M. Castells, The Rise of the Network Society, Blackwell, 1st ed. 1996, 2nd ed. 2000
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 2 ARCHIVE 标识 riseofnetworksoc0000cast_r3w2：The rise of the
#反全球化 #不平等
全球价值链如何组织生产？
How do global value chains organize production?
全球价值链把产品拆成研发、零件、总装、品牌与销售等环节，按条件与成本分置各国，由主导企业以标准、订单与物流调度。收益与风险并不对等：主导企业握住附加值高的品牌与技术，把厂房、库存与需求波动的风险推给供应商，利润因此更靠近两端而非中段。也别混同于出口成品：链上多为中间品，同一产品反复过关，按总值计的贸易额因此重复计数。
A global value chain breaks a product into stages, namely research, component making, assembly, branding and selling, places them across countries according to conditions and cost, and is coordinated by lead firms through standards, orders and logistics. Gains and risks are not shared evenly: lead firms keep the brand and the technology, where most value is added, and push factories, inventory and the risk of falling demand onto suppliers, so profit sits nearer the two ends than the middle. Nor should this be confused with exporting finished goods: what moves along a chain are mostly intermediates, the same product may clear customs repeatedly, and trade counted in gross terms therefore tallies the same value more than once.
难度 专业 · 适合 高中(15-18)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23 · 2 条独立证据
来源 · Source
Manuel Castells,《The Rise of the Network Society》Blackwell,1996 初版;2000 第2版
M. Castells, The Rise of the Network Society, Blackwell, 1st ed. 1996, 2nd ed. 2000
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 2 ARCHIVE 标识 riseofnetworksoc0000cast_r3w2：The rise of the
#全球价值链 #贸易
什么是全球化？
What is globalization?
全球化是商品、资本、信息、人员跨国流动加深、各国相互依存增强的过程。
Globalization is the deepening cross-border flow of goods, capital, information, and people, increasing interdependence.
难度 进阶 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23 · 2 条独立证据
来源 · Source
Manuel Castells,《The Rise of the Network Society》Blackwell,1996 初版;2000 第2版
M. Castells, The Rise of the Network Society, Blackwell, 1st ed. 1996, 2nd ed. 2000
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 2 ARCHIVE 标识 riseofnetworksoc0000cast_r3w2：The rise of the
#全球化 #相互依存
什么是跨国公司？
What is a multinational corporation?
在多国拥有生产或经营实体的企业，能够优化成本与市场的全球配置。
An MNC operates entities in several countries, optimizing global costs and markets.
难度 进阶 · 适合 初中(12-15)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23 · 2 条独立证据
来源 · Source
Manuel Castells,《The Rise of the Network Society》Blackwell,1996 初版;2000 第2版
M. Castells, The Rise of the Network Society, Blackwell, 1st ed. 1996, 2nd ed. 2000
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 2 ARCHIVE 标识 riseofnetworksoc0000cast_r3w2：The rise of the
#跨国公司 #FDI
什么是文化全球化？
What is cultural globalization?
它指符号与生活方式脱离原产地，靠电子媒介和网络跨国流动，在到达处被重新解读改造；移民网络把远方送进日常视野，即流动的空间取代地方的空间。它与经济全球化相关却不是一回事：文化载体是能读懂、可改写的符号，接收方不会照单全收，同一部影片在不同社会长出不同用法。争论因此摆在同质化与本土再造之间，简单等同西方化就抹掉了多向流动。
It is the movement of symbols and ways of life beyond their places of origin, crossing borders on electronic media and networks, then reinterpreted and remade where they arrive; migrant networks bring distant events into everyday view, which is what is meant by the space of flows displacing the space of places. It is bound up with but not identical to economic globalization: its cargo is signs people can read and rewrite, so recipients never simply take them as given, and one film grows different uses in different societies. The argument therefore swings between homogenization and local reinvention, and flattening it into Westernization erases multidirectional flow.
难度 进阶 · 适合 高中(15-18)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23 · 2 条独立证据
来源 · Source
Manuel Castells,《The Rise of the Network Society》Blackwell,1996 初版;2000 第2版
M. Castells, The Rise of the Network Society, Blackwell, 1st ed. 1996, 2nd ed. 2000
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 2 ARCHIVE 标识 riseofnetworksoc0000cast_r3w2：The rise of the
#文化全球化 #媒体
什么是数字鸿沟？
What is the digital divide?
数字鸿沟指不同群体在接入与使用数字技术上的差距，加剧教育、就业与信息的不平等。
The digital divide is the gap in access to and use of digital technology, widening inequalities in education, jobs, and information.
难度 进阶 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23 · 2 条独立证据
来源 · Source
Manuel Castells,《The Rise of the Network Society》Blackwell,1996 初版;2000 第2版
M. Castells, The Rise of the Network Society, Blackwell, 1st ed. 1996, 2nd ed. 2000
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 2 ARCHIVE 标识 riseofnetworksoc0000cast_r3w2：The rise of the
#数字鸿沟 #不平等
什么是国际组织？
What is an international organization?
由多国政府或团体组成、处理共同议题（如卫生、贸易）的常设机构，例如联合国。
A standing body of states or groups tackling shared issues like health or trade, e.g., the UN.
难度 入门 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23 · 2 条独立证据
来源 · Source
Manuel Castells,《The Rise of the Network Society》Blackwell,1996 初版;2000 第2版
M. Castells, The Rise of the Network Society, Blackwell, 1st ed. 1996, 2nd ed. 2000
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 2 ARCHIVE 标识 riseofnetworksoc0000cast_r3w2：The rise of the
#国际组织 #合作
什么是国际贸易？
What is international trade?
国际贸易是国家间买卖商品与服务，使各国专注于相对高效的生产。
It is the cross-border exchange of goods and services, letting countries specialize efficiently.
难度 入门 · 适合 小学低段(6-8)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23 · 2 条独立证据
来源 · Source
Manuel Castells,《The Rise of the Network Society》Blackwell,1996 初版;2000 第2版
M. Castells, The Rise of the Network Society, Blackwell, 1st ed. 1996, 2nd ed. 2000
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 2 ARCHIVE 标识 riseofnetworksoc0000cast_r3w2：The rise of the
#国际贸易 #分工