什么是“语言谱系”与“原始母语”重建？
What are “language families” and “proto-language” reconstruction?
比较法通过系统对应关系将语言归入谱系（如印欧语系），并逆向重建未被文字记录的“原始母语”，揭示人群迁徙史。
The comparative method groups languages into families (e.g., Indo-European) and reconstructs unrecorded “proto-languages,” illuminating migration history.
难度 专业 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-11-04
来源 · Source
Dyen,《Reconstruction, The Comparative Method, and the Proto-Language Uniformity Assumption》,Language,1969 (DOI: 10.2307/411435)
Dyen, 'Reconstruction, The Comparative Method, and the Proto-Language Uniformity Assumption', Language, 1969, DOI: 10.2307/411435
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 1 Crossref DOI 10.2307/411435
#语言谱系 #比较法 #原始母语
语言为什么会随时间变化？
Why does language change over time?
发音省力、词汇借用、社会分层与代际差异推动语言演变；变化通常缓慢且不可逆，通过口语传播在自然语言中持续发生。
Ease of articulation, borrowing, social stratification, and generational difference drive language change; it is slow, largely irreversible, and ongoing in speech.
难度 进阶 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-11-02
来源 · Source
威廉·拉波夫《纽约市英语的社会分层》（1966）
William Labov, “The Social Stratification of English in New York City” (1966)
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 1 OPENLIBRARY 标识 /works/OL4342747W：The Social Stratificati
#语言演变 #语音变化 #借用
什么是“通用语”（lingua franca）？
What is a “lingua franca”?
通用语是不同母语群体间用于交流的共有语言（如历史上的阿拉伯语、今日的英语），常随贸易与霸权兴衰而更替。
A lingua franca is a shared language for communication across mother tongues (Arabic historically, English today), shifting with trade and hegemony.
难度 入门 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 来源待核验 · Source pending review
来源 · Source
出处备注：本题原挂出处与答案内容不符，已撤回；具体书目待补，暂不展示来源。
本题原挂出处与答案内容不符，已撤回；具体书目待补。
Previous citation withdrawn as unsupported for this answer; a specific source is pending.
#通用语 #语言接触 #英语
为什么一些方言正在消失？
Why are some dialects disappearing?
通用语、大众媒体与人口流动让年轻人更少使用方言，许多方言使用人数下降、面临消失；语言保护努力试图记录与传承它们。
A common language, mass media, and migration lead younger people to use dialects less, so many are declining and at risk of disappearing; preservation efforts try to document and sustain them.
难度 入门 · 适合 小学低段(6-8)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-11-06
来源 · Source
民族语（Ethnologue, SIL International）
Ethnologue (SIL International)
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 1 Ethnologue: Languages of the World 官方站点
#方言 #语言 #差异