什么是“举证责任”？为什么“谁主张谁举证”？
What is the “burden of proof” and why “he who asserts must prove”?
举证责任指由哪一方提供证据证明主张，通常“谁主张谁举证”以避免空口指控。但在部分侵权案件中，法律会倒置举证以保护法益弱势方。
The burden of proof is who must supply evidence; usually “he who asserts must prove” to avoid bare accusations. But some tort cases reverse it to protect the weaker party’s interests.
难度 专业 · 适合 初中(12-15)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-11-03
来源 · Source
Garner 主编，《布莱克法律词典》(第11版，2019)
Garner (ed.), 'Black's Law Dictionary' (11th ed., 2019)
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 1 OPENLIBRARY 标识 /works/OL20639384W：Black's law dictionary
#举证责任 #证据 #诉讼
什么是“格式条款”？它为何受法律特别规制？
What is a “standard-form clause” and why is it specially regulated?
格式条款是商家预先拟定、对方不能协商的条款（如免责声明）。为防止强者欺弱，法律要求显著提示并排除不合理免责，否则可能无效。
A standard-form clause is pre-drafted by one party with no negotiation (e.g., disclaimers). To prevent the strong exploiting the weak, law requires prominent notice and voids unreasonable exemptions.
难度 专业 · 适合 高中(15-18)
CC BY 4.0 · 来源待核验 · Source pending review
来源 · Source
出处备注：本题原挂出处与答案内容不符，已撤回；具体书目待补，暂不展示来源。
本题原挂出处与答案内容不符，已撤回；具体书目待补。
Previous citation withdrawn as unsupported for this answer; a specific source is pending.
#格式条款 #免责 #消费者
购物“七天无理由退货”有哪些例外？
What are exceptions to the “7-day no-reason return” rule?
定作、鲜活易腐、拆封音像/软件、报纸期刊及个人卫生用品等通常不适用无理由退货。它平衡消费者反悔权与商家防滥用。
Custom-made, perishable, opened audio/video or software, newspapers, and personal hygiene items usually are excluded. The rule balances buyers’ regret rights with sellers’ abuse prevention.
难度 进阶 · 适合 初中(12-15)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-11-04
来源 · Source
曹,《Exceptions to “Seven-Day No-Reason Return”: Dilemmas and Countermeasures》,E-Commerce Letters,2025 (DOI: 10.12677/ecl.2025.14124140)
曹, 'Exceptions to “Seven-Day No-Reason Return”: Dilemmas and Countermeasures', E-Commerce Letters, 2025, DOI: 10.12677/ecl.2025.14124140
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 1 Crossref DOI 10.12677/ecl.2025.14124140
#无理由退货 #消费者 #电商
什么是“知识产权”？它保护什么？
What is “intellectual property” and what does it protect?
知识产权保护人类智力成果，如著作权、专利、商标，赋予创作者一定期限独占权以激励创新。盗版与抄袭即侵犯此类权利。
Intellectual property protects human creations—copyright, patents, trademarks—granting creators time-limited exclusivity to spur innovation. Piracy and plagiarism violate it.
难度 进阶 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-11-03
来源 · Source
Garner 主编，《布莱克法律词典》(第11版，2019)
Garner (ed.), 'Black's Law Dictionary' (11th ed., 2019)
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 1 OPENLIBRARY 标识 /works/OL20639384W：Black's law dictionary
#知识产权 #著作权 #创新
签合同前为什么要仔细看条款？
Why read contract terms carefully before signing?
合同一旦签署即具法律效力，模糊或不利条款可能让你承担额外义务。重点看价格、期限、违约责任与解除条件。
Once signed, a contract is legally binding; vague or unfair clauses may add obligations. Focus on price, term, breach liability, and exit conditions.
难度 进阶 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 来源待核验 · Source pending review
来源 · Source
出处备注：本题原挂出处与答案内容不符，已撤回；具体书目待补，暂不展示来源。
本题原挂出处与答案内容不符，已撤回；具体书目待补。
Previous citation withdrawn as unsupported for this answer; a specific source is pending.
#合同 #条款 #法律
什么是“隐私权”？它在手机时代为何更重要？
What is the “right to privacy” and why does it matter more in the phone era?
隐私权保护个人生活安宁与不愿公开的信息不被非法收集散布。手机App频繁索取位置、通讯录，使数据与隐私保护成为日常议题。
Privacy protects personal tranquility and information one does not wish exposed from unlawful collection or disclosure. Apps constantly request location and contacts, making data privacy an everyday issue.
难度 进阶 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-11-06
来源 · Source
欧盟委员会《通用数据保护条例》(GDPR, 2018)
European Commission, General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR, 2018)
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 1 EUR-Lex CELEX 32016R0679 · Regulation (EU) 2016/679
#隐私权 #数据 #App
什么是“正当防卫”？它有什么边界？
What is “justifiable defense” and what are its limits?
正当防卫指对正在进行的不法侵害采取制止行为，不负刑事责任，但需针对不法侵害且不过度。明显超过必要限度造成重大损害属防卫过当。
Justifiable defense is stopping an ongoing unlawful attack; it bears no criminal liability but must target the attack and not exceed necessity. Clearly excessive force causing grave harm is over-defense.
难度 进阶 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 来源待核验 · Source pending review
来源 · Source
出处备注：本题原挂出处与答案内容不符，已撤回；具体书目待补，暂不展示来源。
本题原挂出处与答案内容不符，已撤回；具体书目待补。
Previous citation withdrawn as unsupported for this answer; a specific source is pending.
#正当防卫 #防卫过当 #法律
未成年人打赏主播或大额充值，钱能退吗？
Can money be refunded if a minor tips streamers or makes large in-app purchases?
不满八周岁为无民事行为能力人，其充值原则上无效可退；八周岁以上限制民事行为能力人，超出年龄智力的消费需监护人追认，否则可主张返还。实践中需举证。
Children under 8 lack civil capacity, so their top-ups are void and refundable; those 8+ are limited, and spending beyond their age and intellect needs guardian ratification or can be reclaimed. Proof is needed in practice.
难度 入门 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 来源待核验 · Source pending review
来源 · Source
出处备注：本题原挂出处与答案内容不符，已撤回；具体书目待补，暂不展示来源。
本题原挂出处与答案内容不符，已撤回；具体书目待补。
Previous citation withdrawn as unsupported for this answer; a specific source is pending.
#未成年人 #充值 #退款
为什么拍照发别人照片到网上要先征得同意？
Why ask permission before posting others’ photos online?
未经同意公开他人肖像可能侵犯肖像权与隐私权，尤其涉及孩童或私密场景。征得同意是基本的数字礼仪与法律常识。
Posting someone’s portrait without consent may violate portrait and privacy rights, especially for children or private scenes. Asking first is basic digital etiquette and legal common sense.
难度 入门 · 适合 小学低段(6-8)
CC BY 4.0 · 来源待核验 · Source pending review
来源 · Source
出处备注：本题原挂出处与答案内容不符，已撤回；具体书目待补，暂不展示来源。
本题原挂出处与答案内容不符，已撤回；具体书目待补。
Previous citation withdrawn as unsupported for this answer; a specific source is pending.
#肖像权 #同意 #网络