市场失灵是否必然需要政府干预？
Does market failure necessarily require government intervention?
不一定。除政府外，私人协商、产权界定、社会规范、非营利组织等也可能缓解失灵；干预本身也有成本和失效的可能，需比较不同方案的代价与效果。
Not necessarily. Besides government, private bargaining, defined property rights, social norms, and nonprofits can also mitigate failure; intervention has its own costs and can fail, so options should be compared.
难度 专业 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-11-03
来源 · Source
N. Gregory Mankiw,《Principles of Economics》第8版,Cengage,2017
N. G. Mankiw, Principles of Economics, 8th ed., Cengage, 2017
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 1 OPENLIBRARY 标识 /works/OL3361621W：Principles of Economics
#政府干预 #交易成本
市场失灵主要有哪几种类型？
What are the main types of market failure?
常见类型包括外部性（交易影响无关第三方）、公共品供给不足、垄断造成的低效，以及买卖双方信息不平等。
Common types include externalities (effects on third parties), under-provision of public goods, monopoly inefficiency, and unequal information between buyers and sellers.
难度 进阶 · 适合 初中(12-15)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-10-03 · 3 条独立证据
来源 · Source
N. Gregory Mankiw,《Principles of Economics》第8版,Cengage,2017;中译《经济学原理》北京大学出版社
N. G. Mankiw, Principles of Economics, 8th ed., Cengage, 2017; Chinese ed. Peking University Press
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 2 cengage.com
#外部性 #垄断
为什么“公地悲剧”被视为一种市场失灵？
Why is the "tragedy of the commons" seen as a market failure?
当草地、渔场等共有资源没有清晰产权时，每个人过度使用、他人分担后果，最终导致资源枯竭，这是典型的负外部性与搭便车问题。
When common resources like pastures or fisheries lack clear property rights, each user over-exploits them while others share the cost, eventually depleting the resource—a classic negative externality and free-rider problem.
难度 进阶 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-10-03 · 3 条独立证据
来源 · Source
N. Gregory Mankiw,《Principles of Economics》第8版,Cengage,2017;中译《经济学原理》北京大学出版社
N. G. Mankiw, Principles of Economics, 8th ed., Cengage, 2017; Chinese ed. Peking University Press
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 2 cengage.com
#公地悲剧 #共有资源
什么是“市场失灵”？
What is "market failure"?
市场失灵指单靠买卖双方的自由交易，不能把资源分配到最合适的地方，造成浪费或不公平。
Market failure occurs when free exchanges between buyers and sellers fail to allocate resources to their best use, causing waste or unfairness.
难度 入门 · 适合 幼儿(3-6)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-10-03 · 3 条独立证据
来源 · Source
N. Gregory Mankiw,《Principles of Economics》第8版,Cengage,2017;中译《经济学原理》北京大学出版社
N. G. Mankiw, Principles of Economics, 8th ed., Cengage, 2017; Chinese ed. Peking University Press
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 2 cengage.com
#市场失灵 #资源分配