什么是“议程设置”？媒体如何影响我们“想什么”？
What is “agenda-setting” and how does media shape what we think about?
议程设置理论指媒体虽难决定你怎么想，却能通过报道量决定你想什么——高频议题会被公众视为重要。它揭示注意力也是一种被分配的资源。
Agenda-setting theory holds media rarely tell you how to think, but through coverage volume tell you what to think about—frequent topics seem important. It reveals attention as an allocated resource.
难度 专业 · 适合 高中(15-18)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23 · 2 条独立证据
来源 · Source
Robert Entman,《Framing: Toward Clarification of a Fractured Paradigm》,Journal of Communication,1993
R. M. Entman, Framing, Journal of Communication 43, 1993
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 2 CROSSREF DOI 标识 10.1111/j.1460-2466.1993.tb01304.x（按标识回读
#议程设置 #媒体 #舆论
什么是“沉默的螺旋”？它如何影响公开表达？
What is the “spiral of silence” and how does it affect public expression?
该理论指当人感知自己的观点属少数时，会因怕被孤立而选择沉默，使多数意见显得更强、少数更沉默。社交媒体既能放大也能抑制此效应。
The theory says when people feel their view is minority, fear of isolation makes them stay silent, making the majority seem stronger and the minority quieter. Social media can amplify or dampen this effect.
难度 专业 · 适合 高中(15-18)
CC BY 4.0 · 来源待核验 · Source pending review
来源 · Source
出处备注：著录含书名，但缺版次 / 出版社 / 年份中的一部分，需编辑补全后才能做独立比对。
Noelle-Neumann, E. (1974), 《沉默的螺旋：一种舆论理论》, 传播学期刊 (Journal of Communication), 24(2)
Noelle-Neumann, E. (1974), The Spiral of Silence: A Theory of Public Opinion, Journal of Communication, 24(2)
#沉默的螺旋 #舆论 #表达
为什么“反转新闻”越来越多？
Why are “plot-twist news” (rapid reversals) more common?
抢时效与流量压力下，片面信息先被放大，后续调查才还原全貌，造成“反转”。慢求证、等官方通报能减少被反复打脸。
Under pressure for speed and traffic, one-sided info is amplified first, then later investigation reveals the full story, causing “reversals.” Slow verification and waiting for official notice reduce whiplash.
难度 专业 · 适合 初中(12-15)
CC BY 4.0 · 来源待核验 · Source pending review
来源 · Source
出处备注：本题原挂出处与答案内容不符，已撤回；具体书目待补，暂不展示来源。
本题原挂出处与答案内容不符，已撤回；具体书目待补。
Previous citation withdrawn as unsupported for this answer; a specific source is pending.
#反转新闻 #节奏 #求证
什么是“深伪（deepfake）”技术的风险？
What are the risks of “deepfake” technology?
深度伪造用AI生成以假乱真的音视频，可被用于诈骗、造谣与操纵舆论。辨别需看破绽、查证原始出处，平台与法律也在加强治理。
Deepfakes use AI to fabricate convincing audio/video, enabling scams, rumors, and opinion manipulation. Spot flaws and verify the original source; platforms and laws are tightening governance.
难度 进阶 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-11-04
来源 · Source
Liu, Padmanabhan, Viswanathan,《What Exactly is a Deepfake? A Systematic Literature Analysis of Concepts, Risks, and Potentials》,2026 IEEE Conference on Artificial Intelligence (CAI),2026 (DOI: 10.1109/cai68641.2026.11536577)
Liu, Padmanabhan, Viswanathan, 'What Exactly is a Deepfake? A Systematic Literature Analysis of Concepts, Risks, and Potentials', 2026 IEEE Conference on Artificial Intelligence (CAI), 2026, DOI: 10.1109/cai68641.2026.11536577
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 1 Crossref DOI 10.1109/cai68641.2026.11536577
#深伪 #AI #造假
什么是“谣言”？如何初步辨别？
What is a “rumor” and how to spot one at an early stage?
谣言是未经证实却广泛传播的信息。辨别可看来源是否权威、是否煽动情绪、是否缺乏具体时间与出处，必要时查证官方渠道。
A rumor is unverified yet widely spread information. Check whether the source is authoritative, whether it stirs emotion, and whether it lacks specific time and origin; verify via official channels if needed.
难度 进阶 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 来源待核验 · Source pending review
来源 · Source
出处备注：此条未指向带版次的可引用著作（通识性内容、机构文件或未展开的英文书名），本库不提供独立书目出处；如需精确引用，需由编辑补全具体篇目与版次。
中国科学院（网络谣言传播研究）
Chinese Academy of Sciences (research on online rumor propagation)
#谣言 #辨别 #信息
什么是框架理论？
What is framing theory?
框架理论关注媒体如何通过选取、强调与编排信息的角度，来塑造受众对事件的理解。同一事件用“事故”或“悲剧”框架呈现，会引发不同的公众反应。
Framing theory examines how the media shapes understanding by selecting, emphasizing, and organizing angles. The same event framed as an “accident” versus a “tragedy” evokes different public reactions.
难度 进阶 · 适合 初中(12-15)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23 · 2 条独立证据
来源 · Source
Robert Entman,《Framing: Toward Clarification of a Fractured Paradigm》,Journal of Communication,1993
R. M. Entman, Framing, Journal of Communication 43, 1993
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 2 CROSSREF DOI 标识 10.1111/j.1460-2466.1993.tb01304.x（按标识回读
#框架理论 #媒体 #角度
什么是“标题党”？它为何有害？
What is “clickbait” and why is it harmful?
标题党用夸张、隐瞒或误导的标题吸引点击，内容常名不副实。它消耗注意力、放大焦虑，长期损害媒体公信力。
Clickbait uses exaggerated, withholding, or misleading headlines to draw clicks while the content under-delivers. It wastes attention, amplifies anxiety, and erodes media credibility.
难度 进阶 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-10-04
来源 · Source
Tim Wu,《The Attention Merchants》,Alfred A. Knopf,2016
T. Wu, The Attention Merchants, Alfred A. Knopf, 2016
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 1 ISBN 9780804170048 (2016)
#标题党 #点击率 #媒体
什么是回音室效应？
What is the echo chamber effect?
回音室效应指人们只接触与自己观点一致的信息，使原有立场不断被强化、异见被隔绝的现象，常由算法推荐与同温层社交放大，加剧极化。
The echo chamber effect is when people encounter only like-minded information, reinforcing their views and shutting out dissent—amplified by recommendation algorithms and homogeneous social circles, deepening polarization.
难度 进阶 · 适合 初中(12-15)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-10-04
来源 · Source
Stephen Sunstein,《#Republic: Divide and Conquer》Yale University Press,2017
Stephen C. Sunstein, #Republic: Divide and Conquer, Yale University Press, 2017
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 1 DOI 10.1093/oso/9780198823650.003.0011
#回音室 #算法 #极化
为什么同一件事，不同App推送的说法常不一样？
Why do different apps report the same event differently?
各平台选题、立场与算法不同，会放大不同侧面；加之自媒体二次加工，信息出现偏差。多看几个信源有助于拼出更全的图景。
Different platforms choose angles, stances, and algorithms differently, amplifying distinct facets; self-media rework content, causing skew. Checking several sources helps piece together a fuller picture.
难度 入门 · 适合 小学低段(6-8)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23 · 2 条独立证据
来源 · Source
Robert Entman,《Framing: Toward Clarification of a Fractured Paradigm》,Journal of Communication,1993
R. M. Entman, Framing, Journal of Communication 43, 1993
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 2 CROSSREF DOI 标识 10.1111/j.1460-2466.1993.tb01304.x（按标识回读
#信源 #偏差 #媒体
为什么手机上的新闻“越来越像我想看的”？
Why does news on my phone seem “more and more like what I want to see”?
平台用算法根据用户点击与停留推送相似内容，形成“信息茧房”。它提升黏度却也收窄视野，让人难见不同观点。
Platforms push similar content by your clicks and dwell time, forming a “filter bubble.” It boosts engagement but narrows the view and hides differing views.
难度 入门 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-11-03
来源 · Source
Eli Pariser《信息茧房:互联网正在隐藏什么》,Penguin,2011
Eli Pariser, The Filter Bubble: What the Internet Is Hiding from You, Penguin Press, 2011
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 1 ARCHIVE 标识 filterbubblewhat0000pari_z3l4：The filter bubb
#算法推荐 #信息茧房 #媒体