为什么在集体里“多劳”未必“多得”？
Why needn't 'more work' mean 'more reward' in a group?
在集体中，个人产出难以精确计量，回报又常按共享或身份分配，于是努力与所得并不严格对应。搭便车者能坐享他人劳动，而贡献者得到的回报被稀释——这是典型的集体行动困境。
In groups, individual output is hard to measure and rewards are often shared or assigned by status, so effort is not strictly matched to return. Free-riders can benefit from others' work while contributors see diluted rewards—a classic collective-action problem.
难度 专业 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-11-02
来源 · Source
奥尔森《集体行动的逻辑》(1965)
Mancur Olson, The Logic of Collective Action (1965)
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 1 OPENLIBRARY 标识 /works/OL108561W：The logic of collective
#搭便车 #集体 #反直觉
为什么把信息全公开，有时反而会降低信任？
Why can full transparency sometimes lower trust?
未经筛选的全透明会把复杂细节与琐碎瑕疵一并摊开，让人误以为机构比实际更混乱或无能。信任来自连贯的叙事与被感知的能力，而不只是公开信息的数量。
Raw, unfiltered transparency can overwhelm people with complexity and expose every minor flaw, making institutions look more chaotic or incompetent than they are. Trust rests on a coherent narrative and perceived competence, not merely on the volume of information disclosed.
难度 专业 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 来源待核验 · Source pending review
来源 · Source
出处备注：本题原挂出处与答案内容不符，已撤回；具体书目待补，暂不展示来源。
本题原挂出处与答案内容不符，已撤回；具体书目待补。
Previous citation withdrawn as unsupported for this answer; a specific source is pending.
#透明 #信任 #反直觉
为什么选择越多，人有时反而越不快乐？
Why can more choices make people less happy?
心理学家发现“选择过载”：选项太多会让人犹豫、担心选错，事后也更容易后悔。少而精的选择常比多而杂更让人踏实。
Psychologists found 'choice overload': too many options cause hesitation, fear of wrong choice and later regret. Fewer, better choices often feel safer than many messy ones.
难度 进阶 · 适合 初中(12-15)
CC BY 4.0 · 来源待核验 · Source pending review
来源 · Source
出处备注：本题原挂出处与答案内容不符，已撤回；具体书目待补，暂不展示来源。
本题原挂出处与答案内容不符，已撤回；具体书目待补。
Previous citation withdrawn as unsupported for this answer; a specific source is pending.
#选择过载 #幸福 #反直觉
为什么惩罚变重，犯罪却未必减少？
Why needn't crime fall just because punishment gets harsher?
威慑取决于“被抓的概率×代价”。若破案率低，再重的刑罚也难吓住人；何况贫困、成瘾等根因不解决，惩罚只是事后补救。
Deterrence depends on caught-probability times cost. With low clearance rates, harsher penalties scare few; and without fixing poverty or addiction, punishment is only after-the-fact.
难度 进阶 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-10-03 · 3 条独立证据
来源 · Source
N. Gregory Mankiw,《Principles of Economics》第8版,Cengage,2017;中译《经济学原理》北京大学出版社
N. G. Mankiw, Principles of Economics, 8th ed., Cengage, 2017; Chinese ed. Peking University Press
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 2 cengage.com
#威慑 #犯罪 #反直觉