皮凯蒂关于 r > g 的论断如何解释财富不平等的长期趋势？
How does Piketty's r > g claim explain the long-run trend of wealth inequality?
皮凯蒂在《21 世纪资本论》中指出，当资本收益率 r 持续高于经济增长率 g 时，财富向资本所有者集中，不平等趋升。他据多国历史数据主张遗产资本累积会重塑世袭财富结构。
In Capital in the Twenty-First Century, Piketty argues that when the rate of return on capital r persistently exceeds economic growth g, wealth concentrates among capital owners and inequality rises. Drawing on long-run data, he contends inherited capital reshapes a patrimonial wealth structure.
难度 专业 · 适合 高中(15-18)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-11-03
来源 · Source
Piketty, T. (2014), 《21 世纪资本论》, 哈佛大学出版社 (Belknap)
Piketty, T. (2014), Capital in the Twenty-First Century, Harvard University Press (Belknap)
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 1 ARCHIVE 标识 capitalintwentyf0000pike：Capital in the twent
#财富不平等 #r大于g #资本积累
累进税制如何发挥再分配作用？
How does a progressive tax system achieve redistribution?
累进税制对高收入适用更高税率，使税后收入分布较税前更平等。结合转移支付，OECD 国家借此显著降低市场不平等，是社会保护网的核心工具。
A progressive tax applies higher rates to higher incomes, making post-tax distribution more equal than pre-tax. Combined with transfers, OECD countries use it to markedly lower market inequality, a core tool of the social protection net.
难度 进阶 · 适合 初中(12-15)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-11-03
来源 · Source
OECD (2011), 《分化中的我们：不平等为何持续上升》, 经合组织
OECD (2011), Divided We Stand: Why Inequality Keeps Rising
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 1 ARCHIVE 标识 dividedwestandwh0000unse：Divided we stand : w
#累进税制 #再分配 #社会保护
多维度贫困指数（MPI）相比收入贫困线补充了什么？
What does the Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) add beyond an income poverty line?
MPI 同时纳入健康、教育与生活水平等多维指标（如营养、受教育年限、卫生设施），捕捉「被收入线遗漏」的剥夺。联合国开发计划署据此识别同时面临多重匮乏的贫困人群。
The MPI combines health, education and living-standard indicators (e.g., nutrition, schooling, sanitation) to capture deprivations missed by an income line. UNDP uses it to identify people facing simultaneous multiple deprivations.
难度 进阶 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-11-03
来源 · Source
联合国开发计划署 (2023), 《人类发展报告 2023》, 联合国开发计划署
United Nations Development Programme (2023), Human Development Report 2023
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 1 OPENLIBRARY 标识 /works/OL1634770W：United Nations Developm
#多维度贫困 #人类发展 #剥夺
洛伦兹曲线的作用是什么？
What is the purpose of the Lorenz curve?
洛伦兹曲线以图形刻画收入或财富的累计占比分布，对角线代表完全平等。曲线越偏离对角线，不平等越大，基尼系数即为其与对角线所围面积的两倍。
The Lorenz curve graphically depicts the cumulative share of income or wealth, with the diagonal representing perfect equality. The more it bows away from the diagonal, the greater the inequality; the Gini coefficient equals twice the area between them.
难度 进阶 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-11-02
来源 · Source
世界银行 (2020), 《贫困与共享繁荣 2020》, 世界银行
World Bank (2020), Poverty and Shared Prosperity 2020
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 1 OPENLIBRARY 标识 /works/OL22289537W：Poverty and Shared Pro
#洛伦兹曲线 #基尼系数 #收入分配
OECD 的《分化中的我们》如何解释发达国家收入不平等上升？
How does OECD's Divided We Stand explain rising income inequality in developed countries?
该报告将发达国家不平等上升归因于技能偏向型技术进步、全球化与制度弱化（如工会与最低工资的退潮）。它强调再分配税收与转移支付在抑制市场不平等中的关键作用。
The report attributes rising inequality in developed countries to skill-biased technological change, globalisation and weakened institutions such as unions and minimum wages. It stresses the key role of redistributive taxes and transfers in curbing market inequality.
难度 进阶 · 适合 初中(12-15)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-11-03
来源 · Source
OECD (2011), 《分化中的我们：不平等为何持续上升》, 经合组织
OECD (2011), Divided We Stand: Why Inequality Keeps Rising
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 1 ARCHIVE 标识 dividedwestandwh0000unse：Divided we stand : w
#收入不平等 #技能偏向型技术 #再分配
绝对贫困与相对贫困有什么区别？
What is the difference between absolute and relative poverty?
绝对贫困以固定购买力门槛（如世界银行每日 2.15 美元国际贫困线）定义能否满足基本生存。相对贫困则按社会中位数收入的比例（如 50%）界定，反映相对被剥夺，常用于高收入国家。
Absolute poverty uses a fixed purchasing-power threshold (e.g., the World Bank's $2.15-a-day international line) for basic survival. Relative poverty is defined as a share of society's median income (e.g., 50%), capturing relative deprivation and used mostly in high-income countries.
难度 进阶 · 适合 初中(12-15)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-11-02
来源 · Source
世界银行 (2022), 《贫困与共享繁荣 2022》, 世界银行
World Bank (2022), Poverty and Shared Prosperity 2022
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 1 OPENLIBRARY 标识 /works/OL34024915W：Poverty and Shared Pro
#绝对贫困 #相对贫困 #贫困线
代际流动性通常用哪些指标度量？「了不起的盖茨比曲线」说明什么？
What indicators measure intergenerational mobility, and what does the Great Gatsby Curve show?
代际弹性（IGE）与代际相关系数度量父代与子代收入关联。盖茨比曲线显示一国收入越不平等，代际流动性越低，暗示高不平等会固化机会结构。
Intergenerational elasticity (IGE) and correlation coefficients measure the link between parents' and children's income. The Great Gatsby Curve shows that countries with higher income inequality tend to have lower mobility, suggesting inequality entrenches opportunity structures.
难度 进阶 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-11-03
来源 · Source
OECD (2018), 《失灵的上升阶梯？如何促进社会流动》, 经合组织
OECD (2018), A Broken Social Elevator? How to Promote Social Mobility
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 1 CROSSREF 标识 10.1787/9789264301085-en：A Broken Social Ele
#代际流动性 #盖茨比曲线 #机会平等
基尼系数衡量什么？取值如何解读？
What does the Gini coefficient measure, and how do its values read?
基尼系数衡量收入分配的不平等程度，范围从 0（完全平等）到 1（完全不平等）。世界银行常用其跨国比较收入差异，值在 0.3 以下通常视为较平等，0.5 以上视为高度不平等。
The Gini coefficient measures income inequality, ranging from 0 (perfect equality) to 1 (perfect inequality). The World Bank uses it for cross-country comparison; below 0.3 is often seen as relatively equal, above 0.5 as highly unequal.
难度 进阶 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-11-02
来源 · Source
世界银行 (2020), 《贫困与共享繁荣 2020》, 世界银行
World Bank (2020), Poverty and Shared Prosperity 2020
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 1 OPENLIBRARY 标识 /works/OL22289537W：Poverty and Shared Pro
#基尼系数 #收入不平等 #收入分配