什么是“阶层固化”？
What is "class rigidity" (class reproduction)?
阶层固化指代际之间位置难以改变、优势与劣势在家族内传递的现象，常表现为教育、人脉和财富代际累积；它削弱社会流动，引发公平忧虑。
Class rigidity means positions hardly change across generations, with advantage or disadvantage passed within families via education, networks, and wealth—weakening mobility and raising equity concerns.
难度 专业 · 适合 高中(15-18)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23 · 2 条独立证据
来源 · Source
Peter Blau & Otis Dudley Duncan,《The American Occupational Structure》Wiley,1967
P. M. Blau and O. D. Duncan, The American Occupational Structure, Wiley, 1967
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 2 OPENLIBRARY 标识 /works/OL3336611W：The American occupation
#阶层固化 #代际传递
什么是“中产阶层”？
What is the "middle class"?
中产阶层一般指收入与教育处于社会中段、以专业或管理职业为主、有一定资产和稳定性的群体；不同国家界定标准差异很大。
The middle class generally sits in the income and education middle, working in professional or managerial roles with some assets and stability; definitions vary widely by country.
难度 进阶 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23 · 2 条独立证据
来源 · Source
Peter Blau & Otis Dudley Duncan,《The American Occupational Structure》Wiley,1967
P. M. Blau and O. D. Duncan, The American Occupational Structure, Wiley, 1967
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 2 OPENLIBRARY 标识 /works/OL3336611W：The American occupation
#中产 #收入
“客观阶层”和“主观阶层”有什么不同？
How do “objective” and “subjective” class differ?
客观阶层按收入、职业、学历等可测量的标准划分；主观阶层则是个人自认为属于哪一层。两者常不一致：有人收入高却自认“普通”，也有人认同高于自身条件。
Objective class uses measurable criteria like income, occupation, and education; subjective class is what people feel they belong to. They often diverge—some high earners feel “ordinary,” others identify above their means.
难度 进阶 · 适合 初中(12-15)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23 · 2 条独立证据
来源 · Source
Peter Blau & Otis Dudley Duncan,《The American Occupational Structure》Wiley,1967
P. M. Blau and O. D. Duncan, The American Occupational Structure, Wiley, 1967
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 2 OPENLIBRARY 标识 /works/OL3336611W：The American occupation
#主观阶层 #认同
社会学里说的“阶层”指什么？
What does sociology mean by "social class"?
阶层是社会按财富、职业、教育等把人分成的不同等级，影响收入、生活方式和机会。
Class is society's ranking of people by wealth, occupation, and education, shaping income, lifestyle, and opportunity.
难度 入门 · 适合 小学低段(6-8)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23 · 2 条独立证据
来源 · Source
Peter Blau & Otis Dudley Duncan,《The American Occupational Structure》Wiley,1967
P. M. Blau and O. D. Duncan, The American Occupational Structure, Wiley, 1967
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 2 OPENLIBRARY 标识 /works/OL3336611W：The American occupation
#阶层 #社会经济