什么是“城乡二元结构”？
What is the "urban-rural dual structure"?
它指经济与社会被分割为现代城市部门与传统乡村部门两套规则与待遇：城市以工业和服务业、较完善福利为主，乡村以农业、保障较弱为主，两者间转换受限。
It describes an economy split into a modern urban sector and a traditional rural sector with different rules and treatment: cities lean on industry/services with stronger welfare, villages on agriculture with weaker protection, and movement between them is constrained.
难度 专业 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23 · 2 条独立证据
来源 · Source
费孝通,《乡土中国》北京大学出版社,2012 等版本
Fei Xiaotong, From the Soil, multiple editions incl. Peking University Press, 2012
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 2 ISBN 9787301174821（豆瓣书目条目: 乡土中国）
#二元结构 #部门
户籍或类似登记制度如何加剧城乡分化？
How do household-registration or similar systems deepen urban-rural division?
当居住地登记绑定教育、医疗和福利资格时，乡村居民进城后可能难以平等享受城市公共服务，限制其流动与融入，固化城乡落差（以具体国家的制度为准）。
When residence registration ties access to education, health, and welfare, rural migrants to cities may be excluded from equal services, limiting mobility and integration and locking in the gap (varies by country's system).
难度 进阶 · 适合 初中(12-15)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23 · 2 条独立证据
来源 · Source
费孝通,《乡土中国》北京大学出版社,2012 等版本
Fei Xiaotong, From the Soil, multiple editions incl. Peking University Press, 2012
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 2 ISBN 9787301174821（豆瓣书目条目: 乡土中国）
#户籍 #流动
什么是“城乡差距”？
What is the "urban-rural gap"?
城乡差距指城市与乡村在收入、公共服务、基础设施和教育机会上的系统性差异，普遍存在于很多国家，并影响人口流动与社会公平。
The urban-rural gap is the systematic difference between cities and countryside in income, public services, infrastructure, and education, common worldwide and affecting migration and equity.
难度 进阶 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23 · 2 条独立证据
来源 · Source
费孝通,《乡土中国》北京大学出版社,2012 等版本
Fei Xiaotong, From the Soil, multiple editions incl. Peking University Press, 2012
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 2 ISBN 9787301174821（豆瓣书目条目: 乡土中国）
#城乡差距 #公共服务