体育比赛用循环赛还是淘汰赛，哪种更公平？
In sports, is a round-robin or a knockout fairer?
循环赛让每两队都交手，偶然性小、更能反映真实实力，但场次多；淘汰赛场次少却容易被一次失误淘汰。两者是公平与效率的权衡。
Round-robin has every pair play, reducing luck and reflecting true strength but needing many games; knockout is efficient yet one bad day eliminates you. It is a trade-off of fairness versus efficiency.
难度 进阶 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23 · 2 条独立证据
来源 · Source
Courant & Robbins,《What Is Mathematics?》Oxford University Press,1996 第二版;中译《什么是数学》
R. Courant and H. Robbins, What Is Mathematics?, Oxford University Press, 1996; Chinese ed.
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 2 OPENLIBRARY 标识 /works/OL811195W：What is mathematics?（按标题
#博弈 #赛制
分一块蛋糕，怎样让每个人都觉得自己没吃亏？
How can you divide a cake so everyone feels they got a fair share?
一个经典办法是：一人切、另一人先选，切的人会尽量切平均以免自己拿到小的。这就是博弈论里的无嫉妒分配思路。
A classic method: one person cuts, the other chooses first, so the cutter splits evenly to avoid the smaller piece. This is the envy-free idea from fair-division game theory.
难度 进阶 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23 · 2 条独立证据
来源 · Source
Courant & Robbins,《What Is Mathematics?》Oxford University Press,1996 第二版;中译《什么是数学》
R. Courant and H. Robbins, What Is Mathematics?, Oxford University Press, 1996; Chinese ed.
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 2 OPENLIBRARY 标识 /works/OL811195W：What is mathematics?（按标题
#博弈 #公平分配